Chapter 72: Four-pronged approach to increase the purchasing power of treasure banknotes
Chen Han also did not forget to say: "The implementation of measures such as sharing the land between the peasants and the peasants, paying the grain to the officials and gentry together, and returning the money spent to the public are the most important reasons why Emperor Yongzheng stood out among all the emperors in the entire Qing Dynasty.
He dared to risk the disapproval of the world and attack the scholars and scholar-bureaucrats.
The method of apportioning a small amount of land into an acre is to collect all land taxes, miscellaneous taxes and levies into one line. After the cancellation of the head tax, people with little land or no land can pay less money, which alleviates the burden of a large number of poor people.
But this has not been able to really increase the taxation of the world, because in the middle and late dynasties, the world has been peaceful for a long time. The landlord class took advantage of the tax exemptions and exemptions after passing the exam, and attached a large amount of land to it, and then received taxes. Enjoy the privilege of exemption and live a free and easy life.
As a result, ordinary people who have less land have to pay more taxes.
Yong Zheng took a stab at them and asked them to pay taxes together with ordinary people. This was what really shook their fundamental interests.
The combination of officials and gentry to pay grain liberated the common people and broadened the sources of tax revenue. In the Qing Dynasty, Yongzheng only served as emperor for 13 years, but he was able to leave tens of millions of taels of silver in Qianlong's treasury.
This is not just a physical legacy. The biggest legacy is that the sharing of land and acres laid a strong foundation for the population explosion in Qianlong's year and the continuous flow of taxes. Otherwise, Qianlong was a very lucky emperor.
His so-called perfect martial arts, if his father Yongzheng had not laid the foundation for him, and with his great achievements, his ability to go to the south of the Yangtze River and spend money like water, he might not have been able to complete it.
What I have said so much is that since it was possible in the Qing Dynasty to share the land between the peasants and the gentry, and to work as errands to pay the grain, it was actually even more feasible in the early Ming Dynasty.
This can not only open up tax sources for the Ming Dynasty, but also leave a relatively good foundation for future generations.
Especially in the early Ming Dynasty, with Emperor Hongwu expelling the Tartars and recovering the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun, judging from his solid prestige foundation, it should be easy to do this, and he could safely and boldly carry out reforms.
At this time, I think Zhu Yuanzhang should show his iron blood of killing heroes and take down all those who dare to come forward to obstruct the vested interests.
At the same time, since Zhang Juzheng in the middle and late Ming Dynasty and Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty both converted taxes and miscellaneous taxes into silver to collect them, then in the early Ming Dynasty, they could be converted into treasure banknotes to collect them. This is also the mechanism for the withdrawal of treasure banknotes. .
Implement three systems:
One is to divide a small portion into an acre; Secondly, officials and gentry work together as messengers to pay food; Third, they used great perseverance to develop a reserve system for the issuance of Zhongtong banknotes in the Yuan Dynasty, which allowed people to exchange treasure banknotes for gold and silver, but private transactions of gold and silver were still not allowed and could only be exchanged for treasure banknotes in the official treasury.
Fourth, relax restrictions on merchants, open up the circulation of goods, and increase business taxes.
The common people and the officials and gentry worked as errands to pay the grain, which ensured that the imperial court could return large quantities of treasure banknotes from the private sector to the court, although the usual treasure banknotes have now depreciated to the point where they can only be exchanged for two hundred cash.
However, all taxes and Dingyin servants were combined into one revenue increase, which eliminated the corruption of intermediary officials and the losses during the escort process.
In fact, after the imperial court took back the treasure banknotes, the number of private banknotes decreased. Maybe the purchasing power of the treasure banknotes can rebound a little.
If the common people have treasure money in their hands, they will naturally use it to hand it over.
And if not, it will encourage people to trade their grain or other agricultural products in the market, get treasure money, and then hand it over to the court.
Doing so will force people to spontaneously trade goods and promote a market economy.
Of course, this must be subject to restrictions.
In remote areas like the northwest, Liaodong, and southwest, this method must be restrained. "
Chen Han said here that Ling Han and Jiang Wei were recording with pens on the side.
Ling Han even took the time to ask, "Why is this?"
Chen Han explained, "Transportation was inconvenient in ancient times, especially in the early Ming Dynasty. Some places in the northwest, Liaodong and southwest were remote. Many people still lived a bartering life. Let them use the little grain they produced to Go and exchange precious notes with a trader.
Then they will be easily bargained by those traders. For the people in impoverished mountainous areas, it is not appropriate to spread a small family into an is best to hand over the items in treasure currency if they should be converted into treasure currency. If it is inappropriate, ask them to hand it over in kind. They must be treated differently.
After all, even in the Ming Dynasty, our country was vast, and wherever there was poverty, there was also wealth.
Where the market economy is active, it can promote the trading of goods and the development of the market economy, and form domestic trade between treasures and food.
But for remote places, forcing them to conduct market transactions is bullying people. "
After Chen Han said these words, Zhu Biao nodded repeatedly. As the prince of the supervising country, he knew very well that this was the case.
Because the Ming Dynasty was too vast and the level of development in each place was different, one policy could not be fully adapted to all places.
It can be seen from this that Chen Han also has some experience in governing local areas.
But the father and son still have a doubt. What should they do with so much treasure money recovered?
It cannot be kept in the imperial treasury, and it must not be wasted in vain.
Chen Han continued, "After the treasure banknotes were collected several times, a reserve system was immediately established. The central bank set up a banknote printing bureau and a treasure banknote general treasury; all the chief ministers in the world established treasure banknote promotion departments. Heping Zhunku took out the gold and silver that he had previously collected as reserves.
After the implementation of the apportionment system and the integration of officials and gentry to pay grain, the tax revenue of the court will be greatly increased. The court will use a large amount of tax as support, and there is no need to worry about insufficient gold and silver.
Furthermore, after the implementation of the collection of treasure banknotes, even if people are eager to exchange their treasure banknotes into silver, they will have to consider paying taxes in the coming year.
And to be honest, the imperial court would not suffer any loss if the system of equalizing treasury exchange for gold and silver was implemented.
After all, the Yuan Dynasty's Zhongtong Banknote regulations stipulated that the entry price of each tael of silver was always [-] yuan, and the exit price was [-] Ming Dynasty's treasure banknotes depreciated so much that each tael of silver could be purchased at four guan of [-] taels and shipped out of the treasury at [-] guan. If old banknotes were exchanged in the middle, a production fee of [-] taels would be charged for each tael. This money could still be earned back.
If you still feel that it is not enough, then work on business tax.
The commercial tax in the Hongwu Dynasty was thirty taxes per one, which is . It can be increased appropriately, such as fifteen taxes per one.
Since the imperial court has recovered so many treasure banknotes, it should strengthen infrastructure construction and expand its territory at this time. As long as the imperial court replaces the old banknotes and issues some new banknotes, it will not increase revenue.
The existing treasure banknotes can be digested by the internal circulation.
Whether it is directly purchasing the food on the market from the imperial court, it is used for military expenditures of the army.
Or they are distributed directly to officials, which are all internally circulated.
As long as the imperial court can curb its desire to issue excessive amounts of treasure banknotes, these treasure banknotes can be digested internally.
After the imperial court had so much money, it could fight wars, build bridges, build roads, and do all kinds of things.
Ling Han listened very seriously, but when he heard that the reserve fund must be made of gold and silver, he suddenly asked: "Teacher Xiao Chen, didn't you say before that the Ming Dynasty cannot use silver and gold as anchors? Why are people now asked to exchange their treasure banknotes for gold and silver? Isn't this just letting the people hold gold and silver in their hands?
Then it’s time to get poisoned again. "
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(End of this chapter)